翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Union of Iranian Communists (Sarbedaran) ・ Union of Islamic Communities of Spain ・ Union of Islamic Iran People Party ・ Union of Islamic Organisations of France ・ Union of Islamic World Students ・ Union of Italian Communists (Marxist–Leninist) ・ Union of Italian Jewish Communities ・ Union of Italian Migrant Workers ・ Union of Italian Provinces ・ Union of Jewish congregations of Latin America and the Caribbean ・ Union of Jewish Religious Communities in Poland ・ Union of Jewish Students ・ Union of Journalists of Moldova ・ Union of Kenya Clinical Officers ・ Union of Kodak Workers ・ Union of Kraków and Vilna ・ Union of Krewo ・ Union of Kėdainiai ・ Union of Latin American Parties ・ Union of Lebanese Democratic Youth ・ Union of Left-Democratic Parties ・ Union of Leftists ・ Union of Liberal Students ・ Union of Liberals and Leftists ・ Union of Liberation ・ Union of Liberian Democrats ・ Union of Lithuanian Freedom Fighters ・ Union of Local Authorities of the Philippines ・ Union of Lublin ・ Union of Lublin (painting) Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Union of Kraków and Vilna ： ウィキペディア英語版 Union of Kraków and Vilna The Union of Kraków and Vilna also known as Union of Vilnius〔 was one of the agreements of the Polish–Lithuanian union. It was signed in Kraków by Polish nobility on 6 May 1499〔 and Vilnius by Lithuanian nobility on 24 July 1499.〔 Casimir IV Jagiellon was both King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. In his last will Casimir stipulated that the two states would be ruled by separately two of his sons.〔 Thus after his death in 1492, John I Albert was elected to the Polish throne, while the Lithuanian Council of Lords chose Alexander Jagiellon. Thus the personal union between Poland an Lithuania was broken.〔 The union at that time could be described as a dynastic union. In late 1490s, Poland faced pressure from the Crimean Khanate and the Ottoman Empire, while Lithuania faced the Grand Duchy of Moscow. Ivan III of Russia claimed that he inherited rights to all Russian and Orthodox lands after the fall of the Byzantine Empire.〔 His ambitions led to beginnings of the century-long Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars. After the Tatars invaded Volhynia and Podolia in late 1494, John Albert suggested a military and further political alliance to his brother Alexander.〔 He agreed, but negotiations dragged until spring 1498, when the Tatars invaded Podolia and Galicia and took thousands of prisoners. Reacting to these threats and wishing to secure Lithuanian military assistance, Polish nobles agreed with all Lithuanian suggestions and demands.〔 The Union of Vilnius was based on the Union of Horodło of 1413.〔 It was an alliance of two equal states.〔 It was agreed that future rulers of both countries would be chosen separately, but with consent of the other state. The Union also provided for mutual aid and assistance in various armed conflicts. Historian Tomas Baranauskas interpreted it as the most advantageous for Lithuania of all Polish–Lithuanian unions.〔 However, almost immediately Polish nobles began protesting the union on a technicality – the act referenced the Union of Horodło, which they did not have available.〔 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Union of Kraków and Vilna」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.